Amanita regalis - Мухомор королевский - Royal Fly Agaric

Amanita regalis - Мухомор королевский - Royal Fly Agaric - Königs-Fliegenpilz 9/10/10—8/31/16

Amanita regalis, also known as the Royal Fly Agaric, is a striking basidiomycete fungus belonging to the Amanita genus. It is characterized by a large, dark brown to reddish-brown cap that can reach up to 30 cm in diameter, with white or yellowish warts on its surface. The stem, which may grow up to 20 cm tall, is adorned with a distinctive, skirt-like ring and a bulbous base with a membranous, sack-like volva. Advanced scientific research has shown that Amanita regalis contains ibotenic acid and muscimol, which are psychoactive compounds responsible for the hallucinogenic and toxic effects associated with the ingestion of this mushroom. These compounds act on the central nervous system, leading to symptoms such as hallucinations, confusion, and agitation. The Royal Fly Agaric is predominantly found in the boreal forests of Northern Europe and parts of Russia, where it is known as Мухомор королевский. It forms ectomycorrhizal relationships with coniferous trees, particularly spruces and pines, and is usually encountered during late summer and autumn. Amanita regalis produces white, elliptical spores that measure approximately 9-12 µm by 5-7 µm. The spore print is white, which is a key characteristic for identification. An estimated 2-4 million spores are produced per fruiting body, which are dispersed by wind and rain. Although the Royal Fly Agaric is not as toxic as the notorious Amanita phalloides, it is still considered poisonous due to the presence of psychoactive compounds. Ingestion can lead to gastrointestinal symptoms, as well as neurological effects such as hallucinations, confusion, and drowsiness. It is important to exercise caution when foraging, as Amanita regalis can be easily confused with other toxic Amanita species. In German, this fungus is known as Königs-Fliegenpilz, reflecting its regal appearance and its close relationship with the iconic Fly Agaric (Amanita muscaria).