Amanita muscaria - Мухомор красный - Fly Agaric

Amanita muscaria - Мухомор красный - Fly Agaric - Fliegenpilz 9/22/07—10/13/24

Amanita muscaria, commonly known as the Fly Agaric, is an iconic basidiomycete fungus belonging to the Amanita genus. It is characterized by a bright red cap with white warts, which can reach up to 30 cm in diameter. The white stem, which may grow up to 20 cm tall, features a distinct ring and a bulbous base with a membranous, sack-like volva. Advanced scientific research has shown that Amanita muscaria contains the psychoactive compounds ibotenic acid and muscimol, which are responsible for the toxic and hallucinogenic effects associated with the ingestion of this mushroom. These compounds act on the central nervous system, leading to symptoms such as hallucinations, confusion, and agitation. The Fly Agaric is widely distributed across the Northern Hemisphere, including parts of Russia, where it is known as Мухомор красный. It forms ectomycorrhizal relationships with various tree species, particularly birches and pines, and is typically encountered during late summer and autumn. Amanita muscaria produces white, elliptical spores that measure approximately 9-13 µm by 6.5-9 µm. The spore print is also white, making it a key characteristic for identification. An estimated 1-2 million spores are produced per fruiting body, which are dispersed by wind and rain. Although Amanita muscaria is not as toxic as the deadly Amanita phalloides, it is still considered poisonous due to the presence of psychoactive compounds. Ingestion can lead to gastrointestinal symptoms, as well as neurological effects such as hallucinations, confusion, and drowsiness. It is important to exercise caution when foraging, as the Fly Agaric can be easily confused with other toxic Amanita species. In German, this fungus is known as Fliegenpilz, a name that reflects its historical use as a fly-killing agent when mixed with milk or sugar.