Marasmiaceae - Негниючниковые - Marasmioid mushrooms

Marasmiaceae - Негниючниковые - Marasmioid mushrooms - Schwindlingsverwandte 4/1/11—9/22/24

The Marasmiaceae family is a group of basidiomycete fungi within the order Agaricales. They are characterized by their small to medium-sized fruiting bodies, consisting of a cap, stem, and gills, which are often tough and leathery. Members of this family are commonly known as "marasmioid mushrooms" due to their distinct fruiting body features, which are resistant to decay and can revive after drying. Marasmiaceae fungi can be found in various habitats, including forests, grasslands, and other terrestrial environments. They are primarily decomposers of plant material such as leaves, twigs, and wood, playing a crucial role in nutrient cycling within ecosystems. The family has a worldwide distribution, with species found in North America, Europe, Asia, and other regions. Marasmiaceae contains several genera, including Marasmius, Gymnopus, and Crinipellis, which together encompass hundreds of species. Marasmius, the type genus of the family, is well-known for its species Marasmius oreades, commonly called the "fairy ring mushroom," due to the circular patterns it forms in grassy areas. The fruiting bodies of Marasmiaceae fungi exhibit a wide range of colors, such as white, brown, gray, or red, with some species having distinct color patterns. Spore prints of Marasmiaceae fungi are typically white, pale cream, or yellowish, and their spores are smooth, ellipsoid, or elongated. Marasmiaceae fungi often possess a cartilaginous or tough texture, which enables them to withstand desiccation and revive upon rehydration. Many Marasmiaceae species have a unique odor, ranging from sweet and fruity to more unpleasant and rank. However, some species may have little to no discernible odor. The edibility of Marasmiaceae fungi varies, with some species being edible, such as Marasmius oreades, while others are inedible or of unknown edibility. Consuming unidentified mushrooms can pose a risk, and caution is advised. Some Marasmiaceae fungi have been reported to have antimicrobial, antioxidant, or cytotoxic properties, which may hold potential for future research in medicine or other fields. Molecular phylogenetic studies have significantly impacted the classification of Marasmiaceae, revealing new relationships between species and genera. Accurate identification of Marasmiaceae fungi often requires microscopic analysis of spore morphology, gill attachment, and other features, as well as macroscopic observations of color, size, and habitat.