Mycenaceae - Миценовые - Bonnet mushrooms

Mycenaceae - Миценовые - Bonnet mushrooms - Helmlinge 10/6/09—10/12/24

Mycenaceae is a family of basidiomycete fungi belonging to the order Agaricales, characterized by small, delicate fruiting bodies, often with a cap, stem, and gills. These fungi are commonly referred to as "bonnet mushrooms" due to their small size and the cap's shape, which typically resembles a bonnet. Mycenaceae species are found in various habitats, including forests, grasslands, and other terrestrial environments. They primarily grow on decaying wood, leaf litter, and other organic matter, playing a vital role in nutrient cycling within ecosystems. The family has a worldwide distribution and can be found in North America, Europe, Asia, and other regions. Mycenaceae contains several genera, including Mycena, Panellus, and Hemimycena, which together encompass hundreds of species. Mycena, the largest genus in the family, is well-known for its bioluminescent members, such as Mycena chlorophos and Mycena haematopus, which emit a greenish or bluish glow in the dark. The fruiting bodies of Mycenaceae fungi are often brightly colored, with shades of pink, yellow, orange, or blue. However, many species are also more inconspicuous, with white, gray, or brown coloration. Spore print colors in Mycenaceae fungi are generally white, pale yellow, or cream. Spores are typically smooth, ellipsoid, or elongated. Mycenaceae fungi often have translucent or hyaline flesh, which may be fragile and prone to tearing or breaking. Many Mycenaceae species exhibit distinct odors, ranging from pleasant and sweet to more unpleasant and fetid. However, some species may have little to no discernible odor. The edibility of Mycenaceae fungi varies, with some species being inedible or having unknown edibility. There are no known deadly poisonous species within the family, but consuming unidentified mushrooms can still pose a risk. Some Mycenaceae fungi have been reported to have antimicrobial, antioxidant, or cytotoxic properties, which may hold potential for future research in medicine or other fields. Molecular phylogenetic studies continue to reshape the classification of Mycenaceae, as new relationships between species and genera are revealed. Accurate identification of Mycenaceae fungi often requires microscopic analysis of spore morphology, gill attachment, and other features, as well as macroscopic observations of color, size, and habitat.